Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J, released on November 18, 1985, by Def Jam Recordings and Columbia Records. It was also Def Jam's first LP record release. It was recorded at Chung King Studios in New York City with producer Rick Rubin, who provided a sparse, minimal production style. Radio also features a sound punctuated by DJ scratching, often brief samples, a near lack of any melody, and emphasis of the downbeat. LL's aggressive b-boy lyrics explored themes of inner city culture, teenage promiscuity, and braggadocio raps.